Everyone's a little bit racist: a novel ML backdoor attack in black-box mode

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arXiv:2610.22459v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Backdoors are among the most impactful attacks against Machine Learning (ML), yet most existing methods assume some form of training-time poisoning or direct model manipulation. This is often considered sufficient to assume that existing systems are not exposed to actual risks. In this paper, we introduce Backdoor-as-a-Service, a model-agnostic, fully black-box technique that, instead of installing a backdoor, activates it in the form of a latent