Janus-FHE: Reducing Microarchitectural Leakage in GPU-Based Homomorphic Encryption

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Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables secure cloud computing through computations on encrypted data, but the physical execution of HE workloads on shared GPUs can still expose relevant metadata through microarchitectural behavior. Implementation-level irregularities in key switching, rounding, and modular correction may create observable hardware footprints even when cryptographic confidentiality remains intact. We present a case study of BFV relinearization in a state-of-the-art GPU HE library HE