When Does In-Context Search Help? A Sampling-Complexity Theory of Reflection-Driven Reasoning

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arXiv:2607.06720v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training large language models (LLMs) with extended reasoning has enabled in-context search, in which models iteratively generate, critique, and revise solution attempts. We provide a theoretical analysis of in-context search by modeling it as approximate inference over reasoning traces, where the base model defines a prior and self-reflection provides feedback for posterior updates, and study the resulting inference-time sampling complexity - the