Visible-Spectrum Optical Covert Channels in Commodity Smart Lighting

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arXiv:2610.08868v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Smart light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs are networked devices that produce information-carrying output. This study asks whether that light can carry digital data through changes small enough to be difficult for a person in the room to notice. To explore this covert communication channel, we tested an unmodified smart bulb (Philips WiZ A19) using a camera as the receiver. Binary data were encoded programmatically in nearly matched color and brightne