Evaluating Transformer and LSTM Frameworks for Prediction in Ungauged Basins

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arXiv:2606.02791v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Watershed networks exhibit convergent topologies in which multiple tributaries merge into downstream channels,integrating diverse upstream hydrological processes. In ungauged basins, the absence of direct observations increases uncertainty and limits the ability to anticipate extreme events. This study evaluates whether an encoder-only Transformer provides an advantage over an LSTM for upstream streamflow inference under limited hydrologic informa