Can FrodoKEM Run in a Millisecond? FPGA Says Yes!↗ (원문, 새 창)

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FrodoKEM is a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism based on plain Learning With Errors (LWE). In contrast to module-lattice-based schemes, it relies on an unstructured variant of the LWE problem, providing more conservative and better-understood security guarantees. In this paper, we explore hardware-level parallelization of FrodoKEM's matrix multiplication, which dominates its execution time. Earlier high-throughput work by Howe et al. identified SHAKE as a performance bottleneck and rep