$\textsf{Sluice}$: Prove-Phase Bounded-Memory Groth16 via Read-Write Streaming

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We present $\textsf{Sluice}$, a read-write streaming Groth16 prover that reduces $\textit{prove-phase}$ random-access working memory from $\mathcal{O}(N)$ to $\mathcal{O}(\log N)$ once the CRS, QAP, and witness are materialized as private streams. It preserves the standard Groth16 interface: a proof of 3 group elements, 3-pairing verification, and unchanged verifier contracts. Our key technical contribution is $\textit{Split-Butterfly-Merge}$ ($\mathsf{SBM}$), an NTT algorithm in the read-wr