SoK: Cryptographic Erasure on Public Ledgers: Application-Layer Architectures, Key-Lifecycle Adversaries, and GDPR Art. 17 Sufficiency↗ (원문, 새 창)

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Public permissionless ledgers are append-only by design, yet are increasingly asked to host data subject to statutory erasure obligations (GDPR Art. 17, EDPB Guidelines 02/2025). The prevailing cryptographic response, rewriting the chain via chameleon hashes and redactable-blockchain constructions, is structurally unavailable on Bitcoin and Ethereum mainnet. This SoK systematizes the orthogonal application-layer design space, in which the ledger is left untouched and erasure is achieved by destr