CAROUSEL: GPU-Accelerated Private Vector Search via Homomorphic Sketching

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Vector search on untrusted infrastructure exposes the \emph{query embedding}, a faithful summary of the user's intent. Fully homomorphic encryption can hide the query, but existing approaches still require a full scan followed by ranking of encrypted scores. Scalable private systems avoid encrypted ranking by either sending scores from a single cluster to the client or moving the search to the client, which must first stream the entire vector index for preprocessing. We present Carousel, which i