On the (In)security of Approximate Computation Protocols from CKKS

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Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) enables collaborative and privacy-preserving computation over private inputs. Recent advances in Homomorphic Encryption (HE), particularly the CKKS scheme, have significantly improved the practicality of secure computation, making it suitable for real-world applications involving approximate arithmetic. However, the inherent errors introduced by CKKS pose substantial challenges in the design and analysis of CKKS-based secure computation protocols. In this