Architectural Leakage Analysis of Masked Cryptographic Software on RISC-V Cores

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Software masking---particularly through threshold implementations---has long been regarded as a foundational defense mechanism against side-channel attacks. These schemes enforce the principles of non-completeness and uniformity, offering provable first-order resistance even under realistic leakage assumptions. However, such assurances were primarily developed under the simplified assumption of scalar or in-order execution, where instruction flow and data dependencies are well-behaved and predic