TreeCast: Multi-Party Key Establishment Protocol for IoT Devices

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Secure communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires lightweight protocols that scale across unicast, multicast, and broadcast settings. Existing solutions typically depend on centralized gateways, which introduce single points of failure and scalability limitations. We propose TreeCast, a distributed group key establishment protocol that organizes devices into a binary tree of hashed Diffie–Hellman secrets, which naturally unifies unicast, multicast, and broadcast in a single scalable