Neural networks are more modular than single neurons suggest

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arXiv:2610.12842v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Neural networks routinely develop representations in which individual neurons contribute to multiple distinct functions, leading to the widespread view that such networks lack modular organization. We challenge this conclusion by introducing a formally nested hierarchy of modularity: unit-level, which requires distinct computations to occupy disjoint neurons; orthogonal, which asks whether a rotation reveals functionally independent subspaces; and